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Research Article
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A Study on Clustering Method for Solar Power Generation Forecasting in Renewable Energy Monitoring System
신재생에너지모니터링시스템(REMS) 발전량 예측을 위한 클러스터링 방법론 연구
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Young-Seop Lee, Areum Go, Jong-Kyu Kim, Young-Sun You, Keon-Woo Lee
이영섭, 고아름, 김종규, 유영선, 이건우
- A Renewable Energy Monitoring System (REMS) was launched to inform facility owners and local governments of failures. However, as the scale of …
- A Renewable Energy Monitoring System (REMS) was launched to inform facility owners and local governments of failures. However, as the scale of renewable energy deployment increases and its impact on the national grid grows, it is becoming important to forecast power generation for not only commercial solar facilities but also self-consumption solar facilities. As of April 2024, more than 130,000 solar installations have been connected to REMS. It is not economically efficient to forecast the generation of these small installations individually, and the level of accuracy required for self-consuming solar facilities is not as high. Therefore, suitable monitoring techniques are required. In this study, Chungcheongbuk-do, situated midway in the ranking of REMS-connected municipal solar facilities, was selected as the priority target. The objective is to group 11,268 power plants in the Chungcheongbuk-do region and select a representative power plant for each group. The clustering algorithm employs various factors, including latitude, longitude, insolation, altitude, and power generation history, to group power plants. It utilizes both K-means and Autoencoder techniques. First, the location of each solar facility was converted into latitude and longitude values using the address information of the solar facilities connected to REMS. The altitude and insolation information for each location were then extracted based on the latitude and longitude values for clustering analysis. Second, a methodology is proposed using power utilization data from January to December 2023 to identify normally operating facilities and cluster power generation by targeting them. - COLLAPSE
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A Study on Clustering Method for Solar Power Generation Forecasting in Renewable Energy Monitoring System
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Research Article
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Study on Compensation Procedures for PV Efficiency Reduction Caused by Changes in Surrounding Buildings: Legal and Theoretical Insights with Case Studies
주변 건축물 변화로 인한 태양광발전 효율 저하의 손해보상 프로세스 연구: 법적·이론적 고찰 및 사례 분석을 중심으로
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Ji-Young Eum, Soo-Hwan Cho, Gyeong-Seok Choi
엄지영, 조수환, 최경석
- As part of climate change mitigation and energy transition policies, the importance of building photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing with the expansion …
- As part of climate change mitigation and energy transition policies, the importance of building photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing with the expansion of zero-energy buildings. These systems are gaining attention as key elements in enhancing the energy self-sufficiency of buildings. However, the trend towards high-rise and high-density urban buildings results in reduced power efficiency due to shading for existing PV systems, which reduces their power efficiency. PV systems are vulnerable to potential conflicts and financial setbacks owing to a lack of clear legal protections and compensation procedures to address power efficiency losses due to shading. This study examines the legal and institutional aspects of securing and protecting solar irradiance for building PV systems and proposes solutions to these issues. The methodology includes a comparative evaluation of relevant domestic and international policies, literature reviews, and case study analyses. The overall aim is to develop and suggest comprehensive procedures for damage compensation related to reduced PV power efficiency caused by changes in surrounding buildings. The results of this study can be used as basic data for establishing future policies, improving the legal system to protect the rights of PV system owners, and establishing efficient dispute resolution procedures. - COLLAPSE
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Study on Compensation Procedures for PV Efficiency Reduction Caused by Changes in Surrounding Buildings: Legal and Theoretical Insights with Case Studies
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Research Article
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Analysis of Power Loss Mitigation Effects using BIPV Module-Level Power Optimizer under Partial Shading Conditions
부분 음영을 고려한 BIPV 모듈 단위 Power Optimizer의 발전 손실 완화 효과 분석
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Ji-Young Eum, Hyun-Jung Choi
엄지영, 최현중
- The expansion of zero-energy building requirements has intensified the interest in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems as a solution to the limited …
- The expansion of zero-energy building requirements has intensified the interest in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems as a solution to the limited installation space for renewable energy sources in urban environments. BIPV systems serve both as building envelope elements and power generators. Partial shading from surrounding buildings and structures often causes significant power losses in these systems. Module Level Power Electronics (MLPE), such as power optimizers, can reduce these power losses by optimizing individual module performance; however, conventional products designed for standard photovoltaic (PV) modules are limited when applied to BIPV modules. These limitations occur because BIPV modules have lower electrical specifications owing to custom designs that meet the architectural requirements of various sizes and colors. This study develops a power optimizer specifically for BIPV modules to mitigate power loss, featuring hardware improvements with a buck converter for low-voltage operation and firmware enhancements for optimized shadow detection and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. Comparative experiments were conducted under various shading conditions (10%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) on vertically installed BIPV modules. Results indicate that the developed power optimizer improved performance under high shading conditions, demonstrating reduced power loss by 12.1% compared to that of conventional products under 75% shading. These findings confirm that the developed power optimizer can maintain power generation under partial shading in urban environments, thereby facilitating the adoption of zero-energy buildings through enhanced BIPV system reliability. - COLLAPSE
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Analysis of Power Loss Mitigation Effects using BIPV Module-Level Power Optimizer under Partial Shading Conditions
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Research Article
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Development of a Regression Model for Evaluating Energy Consumption Performance of Daycare Centers Using Open Public Data
개방형 공공데이터를 활용한 영유아 시설의 에너지 소비 성능 평가를 위한 회귀 모델 개발
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Kwangwon Choi, Jinhyung Park, Deuk-Woo Kim, Jaewan Joe
최광원, 박진형, 김덕우, 조재완
- To achieve carbon neutrality and address climate change, policies such as zero-energy buildings (ZEB) and green remodeling (GR) are being implemented globally …
- To achieve carbon neutrality and address climate change, policies such as zero-energy buildings (ZEB) and green remodeling (GR) are being implemented globally to reduce building carbon emissions. However, the current energy use intensity (EUI) metric may not adequately reflect the operational characteristics. Therefore, a standardized model is necessary to evaluate building energy consumption accurately. This study developed a regression model using open public data to evaluate the energy performance of daycare centers. Key influencing factors, such as nursery room area, number of children, building area, floor area ratio, calculated gross floor area, and height, were identified for correlation analysis. The model predicts cooling, heating, and base energy usage, with R² values ranging from 0.4147 to 0.6520. Future work will focus on enhancing the credibility of the model by incorporating building performance and external environmental variables to infer and evaluate the impact of user behavior. - COLLAPSE
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Development of a Regression Model for Evaluating Energy Consumption Performance of Daycare Centers Using Open Public Data
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Research Article
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High-Performing Transparent ZnO/NiO Pyroelectric Devices With Frequency Modulation
광 주파수 변이에 따른 ZnO/NiO 기반의 고성능 투명 Pyroelectric 소자
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Seonghwan Yun, Inpyo Lee, Chanhyuk Choi, Patel Malkeshkumar, Joondong Kim
윤성환, 이인표, 최찬혁, MalkeshkumarPatel, 김준동
- With the growing interest in renewable technologies, pyroelectric materials are gaining attention owing to their ability to convert thermal energy into electrical …
- With the growing interest in renewable technologies, pyroelectric materials are gaining attention owing to their ability to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In this study, a transparent photovoltaic (TPV) structure was achieved using a heterojunction of n-type ZnO and p-type NiO. Owing to its wide energy bandgap, the ZnO/NiO device has high optical transparency (62%) and provides photovoltaic power generation. Beyond the photovoltaic behavior, the transparent pyroelectric effect was realized by varying the frequency from 3,000 to 0.5 Hz. Results reveal an inverse correlation between the frequency and pyrocurrent, with the pyrocurrent increasing from 0.607 to 2.657 mA with decreasing frequency. Below a certain threshold, an exponential increase in the pyrocurrent occurs. This behavior is attributed to the extended response time of the material to temperature changes at lower frequencies. The results of this study indicate that the ZnO-based TPV device can efficiently generate pyrocurrent. As the pyrocurrent increases, both the responsivity and detectivity improve, indicating that the TPV device can operate more effectively. Moreover, the integration of pyroelectric and photovoltaic effects within the device paves the way for advanced self-powered systems with enhanced sensitivity for UV detection. Overall, this study provides an approach for optimizing TPV performance using pyroelectric materials for future energy solutions. - COLLAPSE
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High-Performing Transparent ZnO/NiO Pyroelectric Devices With Frequency Modulation
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Research Article
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Performance Evaluation of Air-Type PVT with Dual Channels and Semi-Circular Turbulence Promoters According to Air Mass Flow Rate
이중 채널 및 반원형 난류 촉진체를 가진 공기식 PVT의 공기 유량에 따른 성능 평가
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Byeong-hwa An, Seong-bhin Kim, Kwang-am Moon, Kwang-hwan Choi
안병화, 김성빈, 문광암, 최광환
- A photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT) is a system that regulates the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) module cells by means of a certain …
- A photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT) is a system that regulates the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) module cells by means of a certain fluid flowing underneath them, thereby preventing their electricity efficiency from decreasing. Through this process, the fluid abducting heat from the PV module cells can also produce useful thermal energy. However, air-type PVTs have lower thermal efficiency than those of other types owing to the low thermal conductivity of air; hence, to improve their performance, various methods, such as attaching turbulence promoters or adding air channels, have been proposed. The system proposed in this study was evaluated by applying three different mass flow conditions, i.e., 0.0455, 0.0899, and 0.1189 kg/s, under actual weather conditions. Results showed that both the thermal and electrical efficiencies improved with increasing airflow rate. The highest average overall efficiency, i.e., 84.8% at an airflow rate of 0.1189 kg/s, was achieved by considering the thermal and electricity efficiencies. As the airflow rate increased, the average overall efficiency improved by 44.5%, from a minimum of 58.7% to a maximum of 84.8%. Overall, the PVT system with the turbulence promoter and dual-channel structure improves the thermal and electricity efficiencies as the airflow increases. - COLLAPSE
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Performance Evaluation of Air-Type PVT with Dual Channels and Semi-Circular Turbulence Promoters According to Air Mass Flow Rate
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Research Article
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Development of a Surface Temperature Prediction Model for STPV through Mock-Up Data Learning
Mock-Up 데이터 학습을 통한 반투광형 태양광(STPV) 모듈의 표면 온도 예측 모델 개발
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Naekyung Kim, Jiwon Kim, Suhyun Cho, Younghoon Kwak, Sunhye Mun
김내경, 김지원, 조수현, 곽영훈, 문선혜
- Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics (STPV) panels are integrated into building windows to allow natural light transmission while generating electricity. However, conventional energy simulation tools …
- Semi-Transparent Photovoltaics (STPV) panels are integrated into building windows to allow natural light transmission while generating electricity. However, conventional energy simulation tools often underestimate the indoor heat transfer, as they fail to accurately account for the thermal effects of STPV power generation. This study develops an indoor surface temperature prediction model for STPV modules to simulate the thermal behavior during power generation and enhance the reliability of energy performance assessments. Using measured mock-up data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted, and power production per unit area (PPA), outdoor temperature (OT), and relative humidity (RH) were identified as the primary factors influencing the surface temperature of the STPV module. The heat transfer calculation involves comparing the surface temperature of the STPV module with the indoor temperature, and the model is applied only when the power production per unit area exceeds 2.32 Wh/m2 for crystalline silicon modules and 4.13 Wh/m2 for amorphous silicon modules. Overall, this approach provides a refined assessment of the indoor thermal performance of STPV systems, ultimately improving the reliability of energy performance evaluations. - COLLAPSE
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Development of a Surface Temperature Prediction Model for STPV through Mock-Up Data Learning
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Research Article
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A Study on Developing a RenewableEnergy Dissemination Model Based onInnovative Financial Services
혁신금융서비스 기반 재생에너지보급 모델 개발에 관한 연구
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Hyuncheol Kim, Donghun Lee, Sieun Kwon, Seongsu Kim
김현철, 이동헌, 권시은, 김성수
- The government has implemented various support systems, such as competitive bidding auction systems, to expand the dissemination of renewable energy and address …
- The government has implemented various support systems, such as competitive bidding auction systems, to expand the dissemination of renewable energy and address the associated economic challenges. However, there is no mechanism for the general public to indirectly invest in renewable energy projects or withdraw funds early for reinvestment. Recently, innovative financial services employing Security Token Offerings (STO) have emerged, allowing fractional investments in real estate or copyrights through blockchain technology. These services enable investors to recover funds early and secure future profits. This study proposes a renewable-energy-based financial model that enables the general public to make fractional investments in renewable energy power plants using innovative financial services, while allowing also renewable energy businesses to recover their investment funds early for reinvestment. Simulations and policy comparisons were conducted to analyze the design of underlying assets, participant profits (trading platforms, asset managers, and trust companies), and the effectiveness and limitations of this model. According to the analysis, the Power On DABS (Digital Asset Backed Securities) On (PODO) model can provide reasonable returns, creating sustainable service. Additionally, by utilizing STO, the model can create a new distribution market and enhance the efficiency of power generation management, thereby increasing the value added. A comparison with existing support systems showed that the PODO model complements current policies, which could help shift renewable energy distribution from government-driven support (loans and subsidies) to a market-based approach. However, exemptions through regulatory sandboxes are required to implement the PODO model. - COLLAPSE
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A Study on Developing a RenewableEnergy Dissemination Model Based onInnovative Financial Services
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Research Article
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Failure Mode Analysis for Accident Prevention in PV Systems
태양광발전시스템의 사고예방을 위한 고장모드 분석
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Su-Jeong Oh, Chong-Min Kim, Ju-Hee Jang
오수정, 김종민, 장주희
- The installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems has been increasing globally and so has the number of related accidents. In South Korea, many …
- The installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems has been increasing globally and so has the number of related accidents. In South Korea, many PV systems are installed in mountainous areas; hence, they are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters and safety incidents. However, most existing studies on PV system failures have focused on improving efficiency, paying limited attention to safety aspects. Furthermore, in many cases, when a PV accident occurs, the faulty equipment is simply replaced, and the system resumes operation without conducting and considering a thorough failure analysis. This study applies the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to analyze the PV system failure modes and prioritize risks. Failure modes are categorized based on major PV components, such as modules, inverters, junction boxes, connectors, and cables, with classifications for potential failures being associated with each component. A total of 29 failure modes were identified, and a survey was conducted among PV industry professionals to assess the severity, occurrence, and detection of each failure mode. Based on these results, Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) were calculated. Key failure modes, such as bypass diode connection failure, cable corrosion, and inverter switching element damage, were evaluated according to the FMEA criteria. Based on this evaluation, specific prevention and mitigation measures are proposed. - COLLAPSE
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Failure Mode Analysis for Accident Prevention in PV Systems
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Research Article
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Effect of Radiant Cooling Panel on Improving Temperature Uniformity in Vertical Smart Farm
복사냉방 패널이 적용된 수직형 스마트팜의 온도 균일성 개선 효과
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Minseo Kim, Hyejin Cho, Beomjun Kim, Seongwon Son, Youngnan Choi, Changho Jeong
김민서, 조혜진, 김범준, 손성원, 최영난, 정창호
- A vertical smart farm is a system in which multiple layers of shelves are installed indoors for crop cultivation; its purpose is …
- A vertical smart farm is a system in which multiple layers of shelves are installed indoors for crop cultivation; its purpose is to optimize crop production and management by adjusting the internal environment to meet crop growth conditions without temporal or spatial constraints. In vertical smart farms, conventional convection cooling systems are commonly applied; however, they often result in an uneven temperature distribution owing to the distance from the air outlets and the varying heights of the shelves. This imbalance can reduce the overall productivity of smart farms. Although lowering the velocity of the supplied air can create a more stable airflow distribution, temperature and airflow differences still occur horizontally and vertically owing to natural thermal stratification. In response, radiant cooling systems, which offer advantages in terms of temperature uniformity compared to that of convection cooling, can be considered. Instead of directly cooling the air, radiant cooling panels lower the indoor air temperature by exchanging heat through their surfaces, thereby effectively maintaining a uniform temperature distribution within the smart farm. Overall, this study proposes installation alternatives for radiant cooling panels to improve temperature uniformity in vertical smart farms and validates these alternatives through experimental verification. - COLLAPSE
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Effect of Radiant Cooling Panel on Improving Temperature Uniformity in Vertical Smart Farm
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Research Article
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G-SEED Certification Status and Improvement Strategies for Residential Buildings: Focusing on 2016 to 2023 Trends
주거용 건축물의 녹색건축 인증 취득 현황 및 개선 방향: 2016년~2023년 인증현황을 중심으로
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Yo-sun Yun, Dae-hee Jang
윤요선, 장대희
- In this study, we analyzed the certification status and scoring trends of residential buildings—particularly multi-residential and general housing—that received Green Standard Energy …
- In this study, we analyzed the certification status and scoring trends of residential buildings—particularly multi-residential and general housing—that received Green Standard Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) certification between 2016 and 2023. The study aimed to identify trends and areas for improvement within the certification system. Certification status was analyzed across multiple factors, including year, rating, region, certification version, number of units, and public/private classification. Certification scores were reviewed by final grade as well as by scores in specialized fields. The findings revealed the characteristics and trends in the evaluation of residential buildings under the G-SEED system. First, most certifications were at the [Green 4] level, with a notably low rate of [Green 1] certifications, suggesting a need for enhanced design and technical support, as well as stronger incentives. Second, the certification data showed that certified buildings were concentrated primarily in the metropolitan area, highlighting the need for regional cooperation and locally tailored policies to promote green building certification in other regions. Third, a higher proportion of certified buildings in the private sector compared with those in public sector indicated a rising interest and demand for green construction within the private sector, suggesting that policy support and tax incentives could further encourage participation. Lastly, an analysis of specialized fields revealed that the “5. Maintenance” category contributed significantly to overall scores, suggesting the need for differentiated approach and adjustments to difficulty levels for this category in future G-SEED updates. - COLLAPSE
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G-SEED Certification Status and Improvement Strategies for Residential Buildings: Focusing on 2016 to 2023 Trends
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Research Article
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Study on Improving Uniformity of Ag Printed Electric Line through Vacuum Annealing and Resulting Reduction in Heat Generation and High-Temperature Environmental Durability
진공 열처리를 통한 Ag 인쇄 도선 균일성 향상과 이에 따른 발열 감소 및 고온 환경 내구성 연구
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Sung Jun Park, Gun Woong Kim, Jaebum Jeong, Jin Hong Park, Jun Young Kim
박성준, 김건웅, 정재범, 박진홍, 김준영
- Electronic printing processes are gaining attention as next-generation eco-friendly patterning processes that can replace conventional patterning processes in semiconductor manufacturing that cause …
- Electronic printing processes are gaining attention as next-generation eco-friendly patterning processes that can replace conventional patterning processes in semiconductor manufacturing that cause harmful problems and large amounts of pollutants. In the formation of patterned thin films by the electronic printing process, the unevenness of the film caused by the coffee ring effect, affects the performance of the device, and requires the identification of a process method for uniform film formation. In this study, Ag ink was printed with a dispenser to form an electrical line, and a thin film was formed by splitting the solvent drying temperature for 5 min and the ambient heat treatment conditions for 5 min. The uniformity of the thin film was analyzed, and the voltage-heat generation characteristics of the electric line and the shape retention ability of the thin film in a high-temperature environment were examined according to the uniformity of the thin film. Vacuum-annealing could create a uniform thin film. When evaluating the heat generation characteristics using a maximum applied voltage of 5V, the electrical conduction for a uniform thin film showed 83.1°C, whereas the coffee ring effect caused the electrical conduction for a non-uniform thin film to show 105°C heat generation. This showed that electrical conduction with a uniform thin film resulted in a 26% reduction in heat generation characteristics. In addition, it was confirmed that the printed electrical line with a uniform thin film had little change in shape at high temperatures. This confirms that a uniform thin film can suppress the heat generation of the conductor and cause little deformation in high-temperature environments, so it can be used in various environments. - COLLAPSE
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Study on Improving Uniformity of Ag Printed Electric Line through Vacuum Annealing and Resulting Reduction in Heat Generation and High-Temperature Environmental Durability
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Research Article
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Development of PMV Virtual Sensors for Optimal Seat Reservation in Libraries
도서관 최적 좌석 제시를 위한 PMV 가상센서 시스템 구축
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Sangmin Lee, Sangwon Lee, Seoyeon Choi, Hyunwoo Lim
이상민, 이상원, 최서연, 임현우
- Thermal comfort varies according to the seating infrastructure, even within the same space; and individuals may perceive thermal comfort differently, albeit using …
- Thermal comfort varies according to the seating infrastructure, even within the same space; and individuals may perceive thermal comfort differently, albeit using the same seat. The current seat-reservation systems in library reading rooms do not account for these differences, leading to dissatisfaction among users. A survey of 149 library patrons at K University found that 73% were dissatisfied with the thermal conditions in the library. In this study, we developed a Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) virtual sensor system to provide the important thermal-comfort information required for ensuring optimal seat reservation. Using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model, we developed PMV virtual sensors for all seats in the library while measuring the temperature and humidity across the room; a total of 45 models were constructed, with the Coefficient of Variation of the Root-Mean-Square error (cv(RMSE)) being less than 10%. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations provided the airflow data; the data were incorporated into the PMV calculations. Based on this, the PMV was visualized within an actual seat reservation system to identify and recommend optimal seating, reducing user dissatisfaction by up to 41.7%. This study indicates that providing PMV-based thermal comfort information during seat reservation can effectively reduce occupant dissatisfaction, which in turn can help minimize unnecessary heating and cooling demands and contribute to building energy optimization. - COLLAPSE
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Development of PMV Virtual Sensors for Optimal Seat Reservation in Libraries
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Corrigendum
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CORRIGENDUM to: Optimization-based Modeling of Commercial Buildings with Split System for Energy Simulation
Split System이 적용된 상업건물의 Energy Simulation을 위한 최적화 기반 모델링 연구
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Jinhyung Park, Kwangwon Choi, Jaewan Joe, Hongjae Cho, Dongkon Hwang
박진형, 최광원, 조재완, 조홍재, 황동곤
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CORRIGENDUM to: Optimization-based Modeling of Commercial Buildings with Split System for Energy Simulation
Journal Informaiton
Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
Korean Solar Energy Society
한국태양에너지학회
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Tel: +82-44-864-1977 / Fax: +82-44-864-1978 / E-mail: solar@kses.re.kr Copyright© Korean Solar Energy Society. Powered by APUB
Tel: +82-44-864-1977 / Fax: +82-44-864-1978 / E-mail: solar@kses.re.kr Copyright© Korean Solar Energy Society. Powered by APUB